AI researchers at Google have developed a new approach to generating synthetic datasets that maintain individuals' privacy, essential for training predictive models. With machine learning models relying increasingly on large datasets, ensuring the privacy of personal data has become critical. They achieve this privacy through differentially private synthetic data created by generating new datasets that…
Transformer-based neural networks have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks such as text generation, editing and answering questions. These networks often improve as their parameters increase. Notably, some models perform optimally when small, like the 2B model MiniCPM, which fares comparably to larger models. Yet as computational resources for training these models increase, high-quality data availability…
Transformer-based neural networks have demonstrated proficiency in a variety of tasks, such as text generation, editing, and question-answering. Perplexity and end task accuracy measurements consistently show models with more parameters perform better, leading industries to develop larger models. However, in some cases, larger models do not guarantee superior performance. The 2 billion parameter model, MiniCPM,…
Researchers from several universities in China and UK have jointly developed a new method for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), known as Edge-Node Attention-based Differentiable Pooling (ENADPool). This method uses hard clustering and incorporates attention mechanisms to compress node features and edge strengths in GNNs. They also introduced the Multi-distance GNN (MD-GNN) model to mitigate over-smoothing…
State-space models (SSMs) are an essential part of deep learning, used for sequence modeling. They observe a system where the output depends both on current and earlier inputs. This mechanism is utilized extensively in signal processing, control systems, and natural language processing. There lays a challenge with SSMs, it lies in their execution inefficiency, especially…
The paper discussed in this largely explored the effectiveness of machine-learning-based models in wireless link path loss predictions, in lieu of traditional models like Longley-Rice and free space path loss (FSPL). Traditional models suffer in accuracy in non-line-of-sight scenarios due to their inability to account for signal attenuation, or interference caused by electromagnetic interplay with…
Researchers from Columbia University and Databricks Mosaic AI have conducted a comparative study of full finetuning and Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient finetuning method, in large language models (LLMs). The efficient finetuning of LLMs, which can contain billions of parameters, is an ongoing challenge due to the substantial GPU memory required. This makes the process…
Recent research suggests that incorporating demonstrating examples, or in-context learning (ICL), significantly enhances large language models' (LLM's) and large multimodal models' (LMM's) performance. Studies have shown improvements in LLM performance with increased in-context examples, particularly in out-of-domain tasks. These findings are driven by newer models such as GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro, which include longer…
Large language models (LLMs) have been successful in areas like natural language tasks and following instructions, yet they have limitations when dealing with non-textual data such as images and audio. But presently, an approach integrating textual LLMs with speech encoders in one training setup could revolutionize this. One option is multimodal audio-language models, proving advantageous…
The standard method for aligning Language Learning Models (LLMs) is known as RLHF, or Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. However, new developments in offline alignment methods - such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) - challenge RLHF's reliance on on-policy sampling. Unlike online methods, offline algorithms use existing datasets, making them simpler, cheaper, and often more…
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a revolutionary field that allows machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It is widely used in various sectors, including language translation, text summarization, sentiment analysis, and the creation of conversational agents. Large language models (LLMs), which have greatly improved these applications, require huge computational and energy demands for…
Recent multimodal foundation models are often limited in their ability to fuse various modalities, as they typically utilize distinct encoders or decoders for each modality. This structure limits their capability to effectively integrate varied content types and create multimodal documents with interwoven sequences of images and text.
Meta researchers, in response to this limitation, have…