A team of MIT researchers have developed a novel cryptographic ID tag to tackle product counterfeiting. This tag, which is remarkably smaller and cost-efficient than traditional radio frequency tags (RFIDs), uses terahertz waves to perform authentication. The small size of terahertz waves and their greater frequency compared to radio waves make them ideal for this task. Despite these advantages, they shared a significant security drawback with RFIDs, where a crook could detach the tag and attach it to a counterfeit item, making the authentication system ineffective.
Addressing this issue, the researchers integrated the unique properties of terahertz waves to create a tamper-proof ID tag that’s still affordable, miniature, and secure. They did this by embedding microscopic metal particles into the adhesive used to attach the tag. These metal particles react with the terahertz waves, creating a unique pattern on the item’s surface, serving as a fingerprint for authentication. Any attempts to remove the tag will destroy this unique pattern, countering possible counterfeit attempts.
The team also developed a machine-learning model to enhance the efficacy of the anti-tampering system. The model compares glue pattern imprints with over 99% accuracy. Despite their accomplishments, the team is working to address issues such as the sensor needing to be within 4 centimeters of the tag, and the requirement of an angle less than 10 degrees between the sensor and tag for an accurate read.
This invention is likely to have robust applications across supply chains due to its reduced cost and size, making it a feasible solution for items traditionally too small for RFIDs, like certain medical devices. The research, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies, is a significant leap in the fight against counterfeiting and tampering, a major issue for sectors such as pharmaceuticals and luxury goods. The researchers hope their work will embolden others to explore further applications of the terahertz spectrum.
